Made of 100% recycled polyester, the Half Mass Bag from Patagonia is on sale this week ($70).
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Also from Patagonia, the MLC Wheelie ($200) is made of recycled soda bottles and can carry 3-5 days of clothes.
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Land's End makes a nylon carry-on/under seat bag combination that is pretty much as big as you can get and still consider it carry-on ($250).
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More affordable, Roxy carry-ons are coated cotton. This carry-on bag is $66.
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This matching roller suitcase is $135, also made of coated cotton.
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Sometimes you can find Roxy luggage on sale at macys.com.
Don't forget about the 3-1-1 rule for packing liquids on carry-on bags. Each passenger can fill a one quart bag with liquids in containers not more than 3 ounces. The Container Store has a reusable set ready to be filled with your favorite vegan shampoos and soaps.